Proposal Balance in Shoulder of Throwers and Non-Throwers

Question: Examine about theProposalfor Balance in Shoulder of Throwers and Non-Throwers. Answer: Presentation Bones are significant for the human body not exclusively to give the body a structure, however it additionally grapple muscles and store calcium. Lawrence et al. (2014) states that among all the bines, shoulder bones are urgent and its ball-and-attachment joint permit human to lift things easily. There are three significant bones in human shoulder, for example, the clavicle, scapula and humerus. Aside from these bones, the shoulder likewise involves its related muscles like ligaments and tendons. The shoulder joints is figured with the explanations between the shoulder bones. The joint of the shoulder is known as glenohumeral joint anyway can included as acromioclavicular joint and is considere to be the significant joint of the shoulder. In addition, Lawrence et al. (2014) likewise depicts that humerus of the shoulder is joined with the head sitting and the scapula in the glenoid pit. As referenced before, the shoulder joint is an attachment and swiveling appendage that help a human to turn their arms and permit them to pivot their shoulder out and up away from the body. Then again, the case can be considered as delicate tissue, which envelope the entricles of the glenohumeral joint and it is connected with the humerus, significant piece of the biceps and scapula. Indeed, even it lined of a smooth and slight synovial film. Timmons et al. (2013) additionally referenced that the strength of the shoulder is given from the four significant gathering of the must that together structures the Rotator sleeve. These blend of four muscles that are subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres minor and infraspinatus encompass the shoulder joint. The rotator sleeve generally holds fast to glenohumeral container and the humeral head is firmly joined with the case. The human shoulder should be adaptable enough so as to perform huge scope of exercises in appropriate way. The adaptability of the human shoulder causes a person to pull, push and lift. It is essential to forestall the injury of the shoulder; else it can prompt colossal basic circumstance. In the event that the muscle is adjusted, at that point it causes a person to give an ideal exhibition in the day by day exercises. From different episodes, it has been demonstrated that muscle awkwardness is significantly liable for shoulder injury. Rokito et al. (1998) moreover delineates the inception of different shoulder wounds is the plyometric work out; there ought to be appropriate mindfulness and rules for the competitors during shoulder work out. The competitors ought to have embraced suitable strategies so as to forestall any sort of shoulder injury. Tossing capacity is the critical ability for the accomplishment in handball and it incorporates the lower and upper muscle for improving the productivity of the arm (Wang, Macfarlane and Cochrane. 2000). The competitors persevere through a few tedious worries of small scale awful on shoulder due to significant level mental interest on the encompassed tissues. It very well may be seen that the majority of the shoulder injury cases happen simply because of muscle exhaustion, muscle shortcoming, unseemly tossing practicing supplies, over the top and unevenness case laxity (Jobe, 1998). Be that as it may, there are additionally cases of the shoulder wounds due to glenoid labru m, rotator sleeve muscle and gleno-humeral container. During the speeding up stage, the inner rotator muscles perform concentrically. Then again, Wang and Cochrane (2001) notice that during the whole deceleration stage, the outside rotator muscles perform erratically. The obligation of this specific muscle is to keep up the dynamic adjustment of glenohumeral joint. The evaluation of the practical quality of these muscles can be contrasted and the interior rotator muscles, which assume a significant job for the injury recovery and avoidance. Lawrence et al. (2014) additionally notice that the glenohumeral joint is precarious in an inalienable way and it is exclusively founded on the hard designs, in any case, at a similar circumstance, this joint accompanies most opportunity as it assists with performing different capacities. The musculo-tendinous unit and the tendons keep up the crucial soundness of the glenohumeral joint in appropriate way (Codine, Bernard, Pocholle, Benaim, Brun, 1997). The dull over arm exercises and movements in the games like handball exercises should be synchronized and composed activity of t he shoulder muscle. In the games, there are necessity of legitimate quality equalization of adversary muscle, which is key. Drouin et al. (2004) feature that the job and duties of the rotator sleeve muscles are useful and basic as it encourages the human shoulder to balance out. A nearby perception in the interior and outer pivot procedure of the shoulder proposes enough quality, which is noteworthy for the restoration for a definitive avoidance of the shoulder injury. The shoulder injury of a functioning individual or a competitor ought to be treated with all around planned and non-activity program of restoration (Wang et al. 2000). It is critical to specify here that the restoration programs comprise of the adaptability work out, reinforcing activity and afterward coming back to the standard tossing exercise. Then again, just the physical specialist or the clinicians can do the testing of the genuine quality of the isokinetic myscle so as to screen the conceivable outer and inner contralateral rotator equalization and insufficiencies proportion in the middle of the quality of interior rotator and outside rotator shoulder muscle (Wilk, et al. 2002). The life structures, structure and capacity of the shoulder must be comprehended by the tossing competitors and their molding mentors so they can improve their presentation and the wounds relating with the shoulder can be kept away from appropriately. Therefore, the prime goal of this examination is to think about the rotator muscle balance in shoulder of hurlers competitors and the individuals who never perform such exercises like tossing. Procedure So as to gather data, there will be 14 members, who will take an interest in the examination. Among them, there are 7 understudies, who doesn't take an interest in the game including overhead tossing and 7 individuals from the non-proficient handball crew. There was a relative data paper, which was given to the members. I have given 24 hours time to the members so as to comprehend what ought to be done on the gave paper. I have additionally marked an assent structure from them for taking their authorization whether they want to take part in the exploration. Besides, a convention is additionally given to them with the goal that they can comprehend the whole research necessity and the focus on which I am directing the examination. I additionally inquired as to whether they have any question with respect to their interest in the examination and complete the gave paper. The handball crew, who took an interest in the examination, have 1 goalkeeper, 2 backs, 1 turn, 2 wingers and 1 focus. The significant methodology that I have taken in choosing the respondent was to choose members, who are asymptomatic and liberated from torment. Testing Procedures All the members were approached to get ready for 5 minutes at an agreeable remaining task at hand by utilizing arm-cyucle-ergometer and from that point forward, the members will be set in Primus BTE for assessing the offbeat and concentric quality estimation for the prevailing upper appendage. The subjects will be taken on the situation of recumbent and there will be position of standard adjustment tying over the hips and chest of the subjects. The shoulder of the members kidnapped to 90 and even the elbow flexed to 90, which is the situation of the furthest point as per the producer determination. The real quality of the outer and inner rotators can be tried with 120 scope of the movement. The subjects of this investigation will perform 3 submaximal preliminaries for acquainting themselves with scopes of movement and pleasing the obstruction of dynamometer. The subjects will be tried after that with limit of the 5 reiterations of doing precise velocities of 300/s and 60/s for playin g out the concentric activity and 300/s for finishing the unconventional activity. The high unwavering quality for isokinetic testing relies upon these quantities of redundancies. All the arrangements of the considerable number of subjects are given a 60-s rest period to forestall exhaustion develop. During the conduction of the exploration, reliable verbal orders will likewise be given. The assistance of a specialist, who is prepared for isokinetic testing gadgets and experienced is considered for testing and assessing the tests. Writing Review The shoulder is commonly utilized in different games; along these lines, there are potential outcomes of more injury in the shoulder muscles and especially abuse wounds. The serious games like baseball, volleyball, lance tossing, swimming and tennis need rehashed and strong arm exercises that produce a high occurrences of the shoulder wounds (Stratford and Balsor 1994). The ballistic activities in these referenced games include a lot of the flighty weights on the rotator sleeve muscles and there are odds of shoulder injury. The rotator sleeve tendinitis, impingement and precariousness are the huge abuse wounds of the shoulder (Wang and Cochrane 2001). The redundant and steady acts of same development can be resolved as a significant instrument of the abuse wounds of the shoulder. Indeed, even the results can prompt the awkwardness in the middle of the opponent and agonist muscles. During the over the top unconventional weight, muscle awkwardness adds to the shoulder injury (Zanca, Ol iveira, Saccol, Mattiello-Rosa. 2011). So as to investigate the muscle execution and qualities for the harmed and solid competitors, the isokinetic dynamometer can be utilized. Drouin, Valovich-mcLeod, Shultz, Gansneder and Perrin. (2004) have referenced that the isokinetic dynamometer gives important estimation

The Expansion Of London Heathrow Airport

The Expansion Of London Heathrow Airport Presentation The Labor Party and numerous business chiefs have been contending for growing air terminal limit in the South East and the speediest alternative is to extend Heathrow by including a third runway. They are contending the extension would keep up Heathrows intensity, make quality employments, support organizations and help the UKs insecure economy. Be that as it may, the green gatherings and neighborhood occupants are concerned and contending that extending Heathrow air terminal is superfluous and would expand clamor and air contamination essentially. The moderate and Liberal Democrats were contending against development. In 2010 the Conservative Party shaped the Government with Liberals and as per their statement vow the arrangement was dropped. The Conservative administration presently accepts the extension is important and useful for UKs economy, however there are concerns and resistance inside the gathering against development (Pettinger, 2012). [4] Due to restriction to extension i n the Conservative Party and its statement vow in 2010 general political race, the Prime Minister has delayed Heathrow development choice until 2015 (Out-Law.com, 2012). [6] Foundation In 2003 the Department for Transport distributed its White Paper The Future of Air Transport in the United Kingdom. The White Paper expressed for a dire need of extra runway limit and plans to be finished inside 12 years so as to manage future air travel request. Financial outcomes of building extra air terminal limit and the topic of potential advantages and the requirement for Heathrow development caused worry for Greater London Authority. More prominent London Authority attempted a concise survey with respect to White paper courses of action, particularly the potential advantages of Heathrow air terminal extension (GLA, 2006, p. ii). [1] Issues Growing Heathrow will make demolition of a network clear a path for a third runway. On the off chance that the arrangement proceeds the whole town of Sipson could vanish of the guide, as indicated by the meeting archive close to 700 houses would should be destroyed so as to clear a path for the third runway. Campaigners state around 4,000 families could lose their home and driving ten thousand individuals to discover new places to live (Beattie, 2007). [2] Natural campaigners are worried that the extra flights will expand CO2 emanations in this manner it would add to the a dangerous atmospheric devation. They contend that the CO2 discharges will exceed the monetary advantages of the development, so the extension could genuinely debilitate the UKs task to carry out its part in attaching environmental change (Greenpeace, 2013). [3] (Millward, 2012) [13] Points and Objectives Due to Heathrow Airports clog issues (working at 99% limit) and the ascent of global contenders like Paris, Frankfurt and China, the third runway is viewed as an answer for the limit issues and furthermore helps UKs economy by making direct associations with nations around the globe like Chile, Philippines and Peru (Valentine, 2012). [5] Right now Heathrow Airport faces an impressive number of flight postpones which is viewed as one of the most exceedingly terrible in Europe because of working at practically full limit, which implies that deferred flights influence different flights, and that implies that there is no space to stay away from that except if another runway is made. Financially, the proprietors of Heathrow Airport guarantee that the absence of limit is costing the economy 14 billion pounds each year (Sky News, 2012). [14] Partners Right now there are incredible quantities of elements that are keen on building the third runway and there are likewise elements that are worried about it. These substances are the partners of this task and fundamentally they are the accompanying: BAA Government Carriers Natural Associations Travelers Nearby Community Nearby Government Air terminal providers Associations in the Region Stopping Operators Since there is much in question with the extension venture, these partners are isolated in way that some are keen on the task like the BAA and the Airlines that are expecting to bring in cash with this and against this undertaking we have partners like the Environmental Associations and the Local Community since they guarantee that the runway will cause ecological issues and furthermore there are individuals that will lose their place to live (Schaar et al., 2013 p. 109). [16] Leaders This is an enormous framework task and it is hard for a Government to choose and convey. Any Government after 2015 general political race first and for most should unite all the gatherings and settle on a choice about air terminal limit and to take a gander at the issue cautiously and realize the changes, which will address Heathrows limit issue that will have in future and UKs center status. Presently the dynamic procedure lies with a free investigation into the UKs air terminal limit and it will be completed by a commission, led by previous leader of the Financial Services Authority Sir Howard Davies. The commission will take a gander at all the proof and distribute an interval report this year that will incorporate suggestions to the Government. The last report and the choice on activity are normal after the following general political decision (Out-Law.com, 2012). [7] Case Justification Development of Heathrow Airport has become a significant issue that both government and neighborhood individuals have a thought and outline about it. Work Government believes that third runway will cause a development in UKs economy. On the off chance that the limit of the Heathrow air terminal remains the equivalent, it will cause an abatement in the travel industry and intensity. Likewise assembling another air terminal (Thames Estuary) will take long time which implies there will be a ton of time squandered. The majority of the neighborhood individuals dont need this extension as they dont need to move away from their homes. Neighborhood individuals are additionally worried from clamor and contamination. Likewise Environmental campaigners believe that third runway will build co2 discharges and they state this is plan will cause a worldwide temperature alteration. For this situation study we will examine these focal points and issues, so we can assess this arrangement in detail. By Researching the conclusions and we can go to a point that if this extension required or not. Development of Heathrow is presently a potential issue for the neighborhood individuals so they have just begun to fight the arrangement by setting up banners on to the nearby shops demonstrating that they dont need this extension. This arrangement is a significant subject that being talked about in the territory right now. So we imagined that this case would be a perfect case to concentrate so as to discover the advantages and issues of the development of Heathrow Airport. Since this case is very mind boggling and there are various angles that may impact an official conclusion, the most overwhelming sides of the range are the practical and moral sides. The key driver of this venture is undoubtedly affordable and we decided to give monetary data to the leaders (Moore, 2012). [12] Basic Decision Making Information The amount Heathrow is losing by not executing the undertaking? Absence of limit at Heathrow air terminal costs the UK economy billions per year in lost exchange, distributed in report charged by British Chamber of Commerce. English Chamber of Commerce calls for dire and clear flying technique, which actualize measures to keep Heathrow as a worldwide center point. Additionally perusing this data we have built up absence of enough limit at Heathrow would prevent business pioneers in other rising economies like Brazil, India and China to work with nations that have better air association with their nations as opposed to the UK (British Chamber of Commerce, 2012). [9] Research shows that business chiefs in developing economies as referenced above observe direct air connect as essential to keep up the UKs prospect in worldwide market. This data could be gotten to in British Chamber of Commerce and promptly accessible by riding the web for nothing and the data could undoubtedly be gotten to in different structures, for example, meetings and overviews, which were completed by World Travel Market (WTM) (Woodman, 2012). [10] There are loads of acceptable and exceptional data is accessible just as some contradicting data, which clarifies it adequately exact in subtleties that would be valuable to the chiefs. The data we have been taking a gander at originates from regarded association, for example, British Chamber of Commerce and has been distributed in numerous news locales, for example, BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) and different news gathering, so the dependability of data originates from these association could be trusted to help dynamic. As we have deliberately analyzed all the data we have been perusing and furthermore checked the supplier of wellspring of data, so we have recognized some publicity in contradicting the financial side of development that could be excused and ignored as promulgation. We will store this data as information in a safe database and will be shown as a table in the framework to be gotten to by all chiefs (Osborn, 2009). [8] The amount Heathrow will procure by making the task? There are right now two runways and five terminals working at the Heathrow Airport. In excess of 69 million travelers a year visit Heathrow air terminal. This number will increment around to 82 million travelers per year. Heathrow air terminal is working at 99% limit, which implies any unanticipated circumstance would cause bunches of interruptions. As the limit is stretch as far as possible British Astronomical Association (BAA) cannot sign new agreements with aircrafts for additional flights. By building the third runway, BAA would sign new agreements with aircrafts for additional flights so BAA will win more cash from landing expenses and staying charges (Osborn, 2009). [17] As indicated by British Chambers of Commerce extension of Heathrow air terminal will deliver  £30bn of monetary advantages. The examination demonstrates that so as to remain in th

55 Informative Essay Topics (Your Professor will Love)

55 Informative Essay Topics (Your Professor will Love) So now you need to write an informative essay but don’t have a good informative essay topic! No biggie—we’ve all been there. Take a breath, close your eyes, clear your mind and relax. Let your brain wander a bit. Now stop—what ideas are coming to your head? Most likely they are the things you like and care about. So why not write about them? That’s the key to writing a great informative essay: Write about a subject you enjoy. To get started, just pick a topic that interests you and begin listing the things you know. You’ll probably want to do a little research or reading just to brush up on the details and give your essay more depth. The main thing is to pick a topic that you love. If you can’t think of anything off the top of your head, use this list of topics to get the wheels turning! What is an Informative Essay? An informative essay is an essay that tells the reader about something. It is objective rather than critical or argumentative. The main purpose is not to argue or persuade but rather to inform. Writing a good informative essay depends upon your ability to provide good, clear information to your reader. The essay should be logical, coherent, concise, and easy to understand. The best informative essays follow a basic pattern consisting of giving the reader background information, current information, or helpful information that can be of use going forward. It is also a good idea to know your audience so that your essay can be tailored to meet their needs. How to Pick a Topic Choosing a topic for an informative essay does not have to be hard. Really, the best topics are those that you yourself feel comfortable telling another person about. There has to be something that you know a lot about. Even if it is something like fashion, cars, comic books, painting, or music—it doesn’t matter. Your job is just to inform your audience about it! So choose something that you yourself are an expert on. Consider these topics to help you get started! Informative Essay Topics For High School Students: 1. World of Warcraft Tell what it’s like to play this popular video game. 2. The Rocky Horror Picture Show or The Room Describe these cult-classics and how they are still celebrated today. 3. The films of Stanley Kubrick Inform your reader about the career of Kubrick, his films and those he never got to make. 4. The life of Malcolm X Tell how Malcolm Little became Malcolm X. 5. The Apollo missions to the Moon Give information on how the moon landings were accomplished. 6. Dating Write an informative essay on dating, including techniques, tips and recommended best practices. 7. The history of drinking in America in the 20th century Alcohol has a unique history in the U.S.—tell the reader all about it. 8. Capital Punishment in the Western world Describe the uses of capital punishment in the West throughout time. 9. The rules of a professional sport Give information on how to play a particular sport at the highest level—whether NBA, MLB, or NFL. 10. The history of aviation Tell how flying began. 11. How to buy something on Ebay Inform your reader about the art of the online auction. 12. Working at a job If you have a job, inform your audience about what it’s like to work there. 13. How does the bond market work? The bond market plays a big role in international finance. So tell about how debt is used as an instrument to fund pensions, construction, development, and so on. 14. What you want to be when you grow up and why Do you want to be an engineer? A pilot? An artist? A teacher? An informative essay doesn’t have to be impersonal. If you are the best subject you know, use yourself as the focus of your paper and tell the reader about what you want to do with your life. Tell what that career entails and how you will obtain it. 15. Building a house Everyone needs a place to live. Inform your audience about how to build a house—whether a simple, basic dwelling or something grand and exquisite. 16. How to diagram a sentence Impress your teachers with this informative essay: show that you not only know how to write an essay but that you have excellent command of English grammar as well! 17. Eating out There are probably a lot of restaurants to choose from in your town. Select a few, visit them, and write up your informative essay like a Yelp! reviewer might write a review. 18. Good games to play when entertaining When it comes to hosting a party, you need food, drinks and entertainment. Give information on which games are good ones for a small gathering of friends and family. For Middle School Students: 19. Taking the bus to school Some people have no idea what it’s like taking the bus—so here’s your chance to tell them. 20. After school programs These can be a lot of fun: share what they are like if you are familiar with them. 21. Playing a sport This is a great subject for an informative essay because you can share information about the position you play, the character it builds, and the thrill of competition. 22. Video games A great way to recreate, playing video games helps you build computer skills and problem-solving skills. 23. Using social media Explain how to use social media and what it’s good for. 24. How advertising works Inform your reader about what the way that advertisements work on the psyche. 25. Eating healthy meals Give information about ways to eat a healthy diet. 26. Dinnertime at your house Share with your audience what it’s like to have dinner at your house. 27. A family vacation Tell about a recent trip your family has taken together. 28. A hobby you enjoy Do you have a hobby you enjoy? Is it reading, writing, collecting cards, etc? Tell about it! 29. The last book you read Write an informative essay about the last book you read front to back. 30. A film you have enjoyed Tell about a film you watched recently that you really enjoyed. 31. Your favorite superhero There are a lot of superheroes to choose from, so select one you particularly love and inform your reader about what makes that superhero unique, special, or particularly worth following. 32. Surfing Do you know how to surf? A lot of land-locked individuals don’t, so tell what it is and how to do it! 33. Hunting Hunting takes a particular skill. Inform your reader about how to hunt using a variety of weapons for a variety of animals. 34. Taking a walk around your neighborhood This can be a very simple informational essay. In it you can tell about your neighborhood, what kind of people live there, how big it is, and anything else you see. 35. Volunteering Inform your reader about opportunities to volunteer in your community. 36. Going to the movies Tell your audience about all the different cinemas in your region, which are the best, what the prices are, and which to avoid. 37. What’s needed for a great campout Camping out can be a lot of fun—but you need some essentials to make it really magical. Tell what your reader should bring for his or her campout. Current Event Topics: 38. What is a trade war? The U.S. finds itself more and more using rhetoric that suggests a trade war with various countries is unavoidable. So what is a trade war? Write an informative essay on the subject. 39. Space exploration Space X has its eyes set on Mars and NASA has just been rejuvenated under President Trump, with Vice President Pence overseeing new space aims. Inform your reader about what space exploration has accomplished to this point in history and what future exploration hopes to achieve. 40. Block chain technology Most people have heard of Bitcoin by now, but few people understand it. Write an essay in which you inform your reader about how Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies work. 41. Wonder Woman Who is she? Where does she come from? How has she been portrayed on the screen in the past? 42. The New Silk Road China is developing a new silk road and if it is actually completed it could change the face of trade across the planet. 43. Why is gold a safe haven? Gold and silver are viewed by investors as safe havens or hedges in risky economic times. Why is this? Inform your audience about whether or not we are currently in just such a time. 44. Superteams in the NBA The Warriors are now a super team with the addition of Durant. James likes to surround himself with other superstars. The Rockets are trying to build one—and so is just about every other franchise that can afford it. Tell what a superteam is and how it is changing the NBA. 45. Watching videos online Inform your reader about the best options available: Netflix, Amazon, Hulu, YouTube. Give costs, benefits, and depictions of exclusive content. 46. EMP Today’s world depends a lot upon electricity and the Internet. That’s why one of the biggest threats that people keep talking about is the EMP—electromagnetic pulse. Tell what it is to your reader who might know nothing about it. 47. The War on Terrorism Write an informative essay on the War on Terror, how it started, what’s been achieved, and where it is heading. 48. Legal cannabis Cannabis has been legalized in several states—in some cases for medicinal use and in other cases for recreational use. Tell what is going on with cannabis in the U.S. and what the Federal government is doing about it. 49. Marvel and DC cinematic universes Marvel and DC are competing at the box office. Give your reader all the information on this topic—from how this competition began to what’s in store for viewers in the coming years 50. Return of the Star Wars franchise Now that Disney owns the rights to the Star Wars franchise, we can expect a lot more installments. A new Han Solo film is currently underway. Bring your reader up to speed on how this is all playing out. 51. College basketball Every year it’s a tradition: ranking the best teams in the NCAA. UK looks to be up there at the top again. Who else? Inform your reader about the top prospects, which teams look good, and who has the best shot to go all the way. 52. The Tesla Model 3 It’s coming—but what is it? And how does it work? Give some background information on the electric car before telling about the Model 3 and why consumers are looking forward to it. 53. Sharing Economy Uber, AirBnB, Lyft—these are just a few examples of how the sharing economy is changing various sectors. Inform your reader about what the sharing economy is and why it is making such a big impact. 54. Social Justice Social justice is a big issue on a lot of campuses right now. What is advocacy and how’s it work? 55. Syria Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the U.S., Turkey—they’re all involved some way or another, ultimately, in what happens in Syria. See if you can explain what’s happening. Conclusion When it comes to picking the right informative essay topic, focus on subjects that you feel comfortable talking about. Sure, you can always pick something that’s new to you—but that means you’ll have to do lots of reading and research in order to properly inform your reader about it! The key is to concentrate on getting the info right—and then delivering it in a way that is easy to comprehend. Arrange your essay according to themes if, for instance, you are writing about a topic that has a lot of dimensions. Arrange it chronologically if your topic is historical. Arrange it logically if it is a how-to kind of informative essay. Hopefully these topic ideas will help you when it comes time to write your own essay. Check out our other articles on how to write an informative essay for more great tips and advice! Good luck!

The Commonly Confused Words Explicit and Implicit

In some contexts (as explained in the usage notes below), the words explicit and implicit are antonyms — that is, they have opposite meanings. Definitions The adjective explicit means direct, clearly expressed, readily observable, or laid out in full. The adverb form is explicitly.The adjective implicit means implied, unstated, or expressed indirectly. The adverb form is implicitly. Examples I gave you an explicit order. I expect to be obeyed.(James Carroll, Memorial Bridge. Houghton Mifflin, 1991)Most states consider sexually explicit images of minors to be child pornography, meaning even teenagers who share nude selfies among themselves can, in theory at least, be hit with felony charges that can carry heavy prison sentences and require lifetime registration as a sex offender.(Associated Press, Teen Sexting Prompts Efforts to Update Child Porn Laws. The New York Times, March 17, 2016)Love is one of those words that illustrate what happens to an old, overworked language. These days with movie stars and crooners and preachers and psychiatrists all pronouncing the word, its come to mean nothing but a vague fondness for something. In this sense, I love the rain, this blackboard, these desks, you. It means nothing, you see, whereas once the word signified a quite explicit thing--a desire to share all you own and are with someone else.(John Updike, Tomorrow and Tomorrow and So Forth. The Early Stories: 1953-1975. Random House, 2003)You must listen carefully and critically to understand Snoops implicit message.In academia, implicit bias, or implicit racial bias as it is here, refers to subtle forms of possibly unintentional prejudice affecting judgment and social behavior.(Rose Hackman, Black Judge Effect: Study of Overturning Rates Questions If Justice Is Really Blind. The Guardian [UK], March 17, 2016) Usage Notes These two words come from the same Latin root meaning to fold. When something is explicit, its unfolded, laid open for people to see. Implicit is the opposite of that. It means folded in, in the sense that its meaning is covered or contained within something else and isnt explicit. . . .An explicit statement makes a point distinctly, openly, and unambiguously. . . . An explicit picture, book, film, etc. depicts nudity or sexuality openly and graphically. . . .When something is implicit, its implied, not plainly stated. . . . Implicit belief, implicit confidence, implicit faith, etc., involve having no doubts or reservations.(Stephen Spector, May I Quote You on That?: A Guide to Grammar and Usage. Oxford University Press, 2015)The words seem perfect antonyms— but for the unexpected fact that they join in implying that what they describe is undoubtable. Implicit trust is as firm as explicit trust because quite as real. Note that implicit makes its point absolutely but that impli ed requires telltale loose ends (see imply, infer). . . . Tacit is often used in the same way as implicit. A tacit reconciliation is one that both parties acknowledge and act upon without speaking of it.(Wilson Follett, Modern American Usage: A Guide, rev. by Erik Wensberg. Hill and Wang, 1998) Practice (a) Though most people would agree that the media almost never deliver a message that explicitly encourages violence, some people argue that violence in the media carries the _____ message that violence is acceptable.(Jonathan L. Freedman, Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression, 2002)(b) Cigarette packs carry _____ health warnings. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) Though most people would agree that the media almost never deliver a message that explicitly encourages violence, some people argue that violence in the media carries the implicit message that violence is acceptable.(Jonathan L. Freedman, Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression, 2002)(b) Cigarette packs carry explicit health warnings.

A Report on a Comparison of Customer Service of Fast Food...

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background KFC According to the information, â€Å"Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a chain of fast food restaurant based in Louisville, Kentucky, United States that selling Kentucky Fried Chicken around the world.† It had been rated at number 60 as the world most famous brand by BusinessWeek. For KFC, fried chickens was the food they primary focus to sells. â€Å"Their basic products included chicken pieces, salads, sandwiches, desserts and some roasted and grilled chicken cuisines too.† Besides that, the beef and pork based products also offered by KFC outside the USA. The first idea of KFC’s fried chicken actually is in 1930 but it was only founded in 1952 by Colonel Harland Sanders, who was born on September 9, 1980 in Indiana,†¦show more content†¦They are all students from School of Business Studies (Banking and Finance), Tar College KL Main Campus. 1.4.2 Data Collection a) Survey 30 sets of questionnaires were distributed as a source of primary data at Tar College KL Main Campus. These questionnaires consisted of 8 questions which focused on the customer satisfaction with the customer service that is provided by KFC versus McDonald’s, the reasons why students from Tar College prefer McDonald’s than KFC and what aspects of customer service that provided by KFC and McDonald’s affect their business. A clean copy of the questionnaire can be found in Appendix A. b) Internet Search The source of secondary data is the information obtained from the internet research. Information was gathered on the customer service that is provided by KFC and McDonald’s from the Internet. Various websites of KFC and McDonald’s were browsed through for this research. 1.5 Scope This report investigates the customer service that provided by KFC and McDonald’s only. Other fast food restaurants are not included in this report. It focuses on the customer satisfaction with the customer service that was provided by KFC versus McDonald’s, the reasons why students from Tar College preferred McDonald’s than KFC and what aspects of customer service that provided by KFC and McDonald’s affect their business. The survey questions were distributed on 28 May 2012 at Tar College and collectedShow MoreRelatedConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 Pages........................................................... 20 Attitudes Towards Food Trends .............................................................................................. 20 Chart 7 Chart 8 Per Capita Expenditure on Consumer Foodservice by Chained and Independent 2011 ...................................................................................... 22 Regional Ranking of Average Supply of Food Calories per Day 2011 ....... 22 Drinking Habits ...............................Read MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesindustry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beefless Mac: McDonald’s expansion strategies in India: C-120 CASE 9 Nucor Corporation and the US steel industry C-128 CASE 10 Pacific Dunlop: Caught on the half volley C-157 CASE 11 Philip Morris C-173 CASE 12 Pisces Group of Singapore C-188 CASE 13 Raffles, Singapore’sRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesincreasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firms intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofit organizations. Answer: B Page Ref: 4 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 2) ________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A) Marketing management Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesYork San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy

Capital Gain Tax and Fringe Benefit Tax Australian Taxation Law

Question: Discuss about theCapital Gain Tax and Fringe Benefit Tax for Australian Taxation Law. Answer: Introduction Case Study 1 Fred, dweller of Australia wants to sell his house which is situated in Blue Mountain. In the month of February at the present year the sale was complete as well as Fred received the sum of $800000 from the buyer. After the amount which Fred paid for lawful cost inclusive the GST at around of $1100 and real estate representatives fee of $9000 inclusive the GST for selling of his home (Tax, 2010). In the month of March, Fred bought the holiday house for the sum of 100000. At the same time, also transfer fees had been paid by him in stamp duty of $2000 as well as $1000 for lawful cost. On the other hand, Fred created a garage by spending $20000 by a builder in January, 1990. Now it can be identified that; Freds entire capital gain for the current year will be calculated and the previous year capital loss was $10000 for trading the share. If the loss appeared from auction a traditional vase, in this circumstance the capital gain or loss desires to resolute. Law Application Regards this Case Study Any assets are sold it needs a calculation for selling price and actual cost for appearing CGT whether it is gain or loss. If the selling price is greater than the actual price then it is called capital gain and when the selling price is lower than the actual cost then it is called capital loss as per the Australian Taxation Law (Woellner, Barkoczy, Murphy, 2016). The assesse would liable to pay definite taxes on the amount of capital tax; this type of tax is called as capital gain tax. If the assesse has faced capital loss then the similar would be computed as well as deducted from the entire Capital Gain. Capital gain and capital loss are same type but different functionality. Those are applicable to the people undertaken by laws action. CGT is not applicable on the property utilized in trade or depreciable. Private properties, such as furniture, motor car, bikes are exempt from Capital Gains Tax. In the case, an Australian individual definitely needs to pay (CGT). Another side if any foreign dweller buys any assets in Australia then he has to pay the CGT, as per the Australian Taxation Laws. Law for the Case Study In this following case study, Fred is a dweller of Australia; he needs to pay the Capital Gains Tax for his property. He sold his holiday house for $ 800000 which he purchased for $ 100000 in the year 1987. A Single room is owned by an individual then it is free from Capital Gains Tax. Though, Fred has an extra house, which is also situated in Australia, but he never thought to rent it out, however he must give the CGT. Ultimate selling cost Commission of legal cost and agent The net removal amount Cost of purchase should be Stamp duty will be Cost for legal action Cost for home production Total cost liable (Fred) Freds capital gain (total) Capital gain from prev year will be 50% discount in Capital Gains Tax $800,000 (as per question) ($9,900 + $1,100) = $11,000 $789,000 $100,000 $2,000 $1,000 $20,000 $123,000 ($789,000 - $123,000) = $666,000 $10,000 $656,000 * 50% = $323,000 His capital loss from last year was $10,000 So total taxable amount for CGT = $323,000 Capital loss faced by Fred from previous year for the traditional vase, as per the Capital Gains Tax (CGT) in Australia. The main thing is if the traditional vase was purchased previous to 26th June, 1992. In this case, that will not be counted as traditional property so the capital loss will not deduct. On the other hand, Fred bought a vase after the significant date due to this reason the vase will ignored from the Capital Loss and it doesnt needs to be computed. Conclusion for the Case Study 1 About to see the calculation part of the case study 1 there are few things which are dependable upon the law of Capital Gains Tax formulas. Here after calculation the whole part by the case study it can be identified that need to discount 50% also at the last period of the calculation otherwise cannot be found the original CGT value. As capital gain and capital loss are same types but different functionality. Those are applicable to the people undertaken by laws action. After analyzing the Australian laws and regulations, Fred should have given the Capital Gains tax (CGT) at the year ending. The sum of CGT Fred has to pay for the auction of his home, which is located in Blue Mountains and it cost is $323000. The loss of selling the vase, it must be deducted from the CGT at this year. So the entire CGT computation is done by the help of proper taxation law in Australia (Woellner, Barkoczy, 2011). Case Study 2 Periwinkle Pty Ltd is the largest and greatest bathtub maker in Australia. The company is famous for making bathtub and provides proper service to the direct consumer (Appleby and Carr, 2005).. Emma is one of the worker of the following company.. Emma is working is in a division where she has to travel every day. For the reason, the firm provided a car for use. But there is no restriction for the usage of the car. On 1st may, 2015 the car was bought by the firm for $ 33000 as well as Emma was given the car since that day. Emma works in a department, where she has to travel a lot every day so he travelled 10000 kilometers (from 1st May 2015 to 31st March, 2016). At the same time Emma spent $ 550 on the car for some repairing which has been paid by Periwinkle Pty Ltd. Emma said that the car was not utilized for 10 days as well as also not used for 5 days, when it was in garage for repairing. On 1st September, 2015 Emma got the Loan from her company Periwinkle Pty Ltd of $500000 at an interest fee of 4.45%. Emma bought a holiday house from the loan, which value was $ 450000 and lends her husband the rest amount which was surely interest free. Similarly her husband bought the shares of Telstra by rest of the money. If there needs a loan to purchase any assets in Australia, that is not included in Capital Gains Tax as well as interest of buying property must be deductable from CGT (Brown, Keim, Kleidon, 2008). Throughout, this year Emma bought a Periwinkle bathtub for $ 1300 as a worker, however its worth in marketplace is 2600. The manufacturing price for bathtub is $700. Now it can be identified that, Now it is important to instruction Periwinkle Pty Ltd the Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) cost on the above case including computation of it. Similarly, if Emma utilized the money to purchase the shares for herself the changes on Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) desires to be evaluated. Law for this Case Study According to the FBT Assessment Act 1986, under section 7 stated that if the firm provides a vehicle to their staff for official and personal purpose, in that case the FBT desires to pay the employee himself.. Under section 9 of this particular law gives the law in which the computation of Fringe Benefit Tax of the car as well as the whole expenditure can be computed. Under section 16 FBT Assessment Act 1986, it is declared that if the owner of the company gives a loan any worker to its staff, in that case FBT must be computed by the owner himself (Henry, Harmer, Piggott, 2009). Application of the Law for this following Case Study The Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) for this following case study has to be computed thorough the following laws. (Under section 16 FBT Assessment Act 1986) Answer of case study (1) v As per this case study 2 the amount of the car is around $33,000 including capital gains tax and without this it will be $30,000 o The car repairing charge will be around $550 and without the capital gains tax it will be $500 o According to the case study 2015-106 should be needed to take into the account and total number of days will be 335 o For the repairing purpose car did not travel at around 15 total days o Calculated day car travelled approx 320 days o Traveling kilometer 10000 Km o So the Fringe value: =$30,000*0.2*320/365 =$5260.27 (Hall and Rabushka, 1995) FBT would be approximately around =($5260.27 + $550) $5810.27 Answer of case study (2) v In the second part of the case study it has been identified that Emma had been provided $500,000 loan with 4.45% interest value. v Total loan value $22.250 o As Emma purchased the holiday house and decided to give rest of her money to her husband so the FBT will be around $24,750 v According to the 3rd stage of this case study Emma purchased a bathtub from this company periwinkle and the value of that around $1300 v So firm to pay the tax by means of FBT around $(2600-1300) = $1300 For the Periwinkle case study 2 and according to Australias FBT rate will be $34,860 [ $5810.27+27,750+$1300 ] (Browning, 1987) v So the amount which the company has to pay to the Australia Government will be $34,860 x 47% = $16,299 Answer to case study (3) According to the case study 3 it can be identified that Emma bought shares of Telstra and whether she bought without knowing her husband then tax will be deducted from her bank account Then fringe Benefit Tax amount for the loan will be $450,000 * (10-4.45) % = $24,975. The FBT value will be around $24,976 [450,000 x (10-4.45)%] FBT amount will be 47% of = $15,080 [($5810.27 + $24,975 + $1,300)] Conclusion of the Case Study 2 As those calculations what can be identified in the answer sheet it has been decided that FBT cost more to people. Fringe benefit tax value will not be same as for three different case studies what can be seen in the chart. In accordance with rules and regulation of Australian Taxation laws in the first part of the case study, the FBT value of Periwinkle Pty Ltd needs to disabuse is $16299. For the next part of the case study the Fringe Benefit Tax value will be $15,080. There is dissimilarity in the amount if there has been an alteration in the utilization of the loan cash. References Henry, K., Harmer, J., Piggott, J., Ridout, H. and Smith, G., 2009. Australias future tax system.Canberra, Commonwealth Treasury. Browning, E.K., 1987. On the marginal welfare cost of taxation.The American Economic Review, pp.11-23. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press. Tax, C.G., 2010. Capital Gains Tax.Newsletter. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press. Richardson, G. and Lanis, R., 2007. Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,26(6), pp.689-704. Brown, P., Keim, D.B., Kleidon, A.W. and Marsh, T.A., 1983. Stock return seasonalities and the tax-loss selling hypothesis: Analysis of the arguments and Australian evidence.Journal of Financial Economics,12(1), pp.105-127. Hall, R.E. and Rabushka, A., 1995.The flat tax(Vol. 423). Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2011.Australian Taxation Law Select: legislation and commentary. CCH Australia. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

Red Convertible And American Culture Essays -

Red Convertible And American Culture In the short story "The Red Convertible," by Louise Erdrich, the author, contrasts the old way of life versus the new. Erdrich does this through metaphorical symbols: the color red, convertible, summer trip, and the "fancy" dance Henry performs before his death (Erdrich p. 468). In the story, the color red symbolizes many things. The convertible is red. Lyman also said his brother, "had a nose big and sharp as a hatchet, like the nose on Red Tomahawk" (Erdrich p. 467). Also when the brothers took their final journey Lyman says, "We started off east, toward Pembina and the Red River" (Erdrich p. 467). The color red, in this story, represents Henry's will to be free. The convertible appears in a bright red because, while driving the car, Henry feels trapped by the white man's war (Erdrich p. 467). By returning to the "Red River" Henry regains his spiritual freedom. According to The American Heritage book of Indians, the "Red Sticks" were and "anti-American faction" that fought to keep the white man out, and their heritage strong (p. 221). With this information, the "Red Sticks," and the color red, represented in the story can be linked in their feelings with "anti-Americanism" (The American Heritage book of Indians p. 221). Lyman says, "He said he wanted to give the car to me for good now, it was no use" (Erdrich p. 468). By Henry giving Lyman the red convertible, he is foreshadowing his death. In the Chippawa culture gifts are given to the family of the deceased (The Chippawas of Lake Superior p. 16). A "remnant of the deceased" was kept, "wrapped in birch bark," this "spirit bundle" was then kept for a year and later given to the family (The Chippawas of Lake Superior p. 16). Lyman knows that Henry is preparing him for Henry's death by giving him the car. Lyman states, "No way. I don't want it," referring to the car (Erdrich p. 468). Lyman refuses this gift because he does not want Henry to die. The "red convertible" also represents a "curative charm" (The Chippawas of Lake Superior p. 19). In the Chippawa culture, a charm was given to the injured or diseased. This charm was used in many ways to: "stimulate love, attract wealth, insure a successful journey, and to counteract evil" (The Chippawas of Lake Superior p. 19). The charm consisted of an artifact that represented the individual or a "figurine" (The Chippawas of Lake Superior p. 19). The car was Henry's charm form Lyman. Lyman states, "I thought the car might bring the old Henry back somehow" (Erdrich p. 466). Lyman could see Henry was sick, so by reconnection Henry with the car, he thought the Henry would get better. To understand why the brothers took tow trips, one to Alaska, and the other at the end of the story, the Nomadic lifestyle of the Chippawas must be examined. The Chippawas led a "seminomadic" life, dependent upon the seasons (The Chippawas of Lake Superior p. 10). At the beginning of the story, Henry and Lyman venture off for the summer. The brothers end up in Alaska, which symbolizes their search for "new hunting ground" (The Chippawas of Lake Superior p. 11). The final journey, that the boys embark on, represents Henry's return to nature. Lyman identifies Henry's feeling by stating, "When everything starts changing, drying up, clearing off, you feel like your whole life is starting. Henry felt it too (Erdrich p. 467). When Henry and Lyman reach their final destination, something comes over Henry. Lyman identifies this change when he states, "I think it's the old Henry" (Erdrich p. 468). However, Lyman doesn't understand Henry's next move when he says, "He throws off his jacket and starts springing his legs up form the knees like a fancy dancer...He's wild" (Erdrich p. 468). To understand Henry's "fancy" dancing, the reader must be aware of the cultural ties the Chippawa have to dancing. The origin of the Chippawa "dancing drum" is told through an old legend (The Ojibwa Dance Drum p. 44). The legend begins with an old Indian woman, who lost her four sons fighting the white man. This woman took refuge in a lake. Hiding from the white man, under lillypads, the "Great Spirit" told her how to ward off the white man (The Ojibwa Dance Drum p. 44). To do this, the "Great Spirit told her to make a drum, and taught her songs to sing when the white man returned" (The Ojibwa Dance Drum p. 44). When

It Isnt So Simple Infrastructure Change at Royce Consulting

It Isnt So Simple Infrastructure Change at Royce Consulting Abstract Royce consulting is an international company that provides consulting services to other companies in different parts of the world most of them being large corporations. Royce consulting has over 165 offices in over 65 countries with staff running different assignments for their company as well as on behalf of clients. The firm has contracts with clients at different levels in terms of the duration of the contract.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on It Isnt So Simple: Infrastructure Change at Royce Consulting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper describes the Royce consulting case besides offering a detailed analysis of the case based on parameters like its strategies and goals, its external environment and responsiveness, and its structural design. It further gives appropriate recommendations on what Royce consulting firm can do to perform better. Description of the Case Royce consulting is a renowne d company that provides its consulting services to a good number of other companies. The company has almost 70 offices in various countries. Since Royce follows its traditional strategies of getting labor, it recruits its workers straight from college ready to train them. After five to six years, they are promoted to a managerial position each with an individual office. This arrangement has escalated Royce’s fixed and variable costs. It therefore has to be sorted in a way that will control the spiraling of costs thus calling for a need for infrastructural change. Analysis Royce’s organizational goals and strategies are clear. They have been used to guide in the organization’s decision-making. One of the goals was the need for Royce to constantly expand its operations beyond the current market. This successfully led it to recruit, train, and promote its workers continuously within a certain traditional framework model so that, at any moment, there are adequate pe rsonnel to work on different contracts in different countries (Mantere Henri, 2012, p. 174: Daft, 2006, p.540). A well-guided path to promotion has been formulated as a guarantee to workers. This can be seen as an incentive to spur its performance further. In its strategy to keep workers happy, Royce conducted interviews in its new proposal to change the office system to hoteling to find out the workers’ views and opinions on the same.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was a good move for Royce consulting, as it allowed the company to prepare its workers psychologically for the new changes by making them feel as part of the decision-making process. Hoteling system was a cost-cutting measure that would allow the company to restructure itself while at the same time cutting some of its fixed and variable costs (Venhor, 2007, p. 40: Daft, 2009, p.539). This strategy would enable it keep up with its goal of profit making in the future. The external environment for Royce, though a challenge, does not overwhelm it as an organization. Royce has prepared itself to tackle the ever-expanding market by continuously recruiting new workers straight from college. This has enhanced its human capital capacity by enabling it deploy staff to different assignments without over burdening them or putting them under a lot of pressure (Sofia, 2011, p. 238). This has enabled it secure the confidence of its clients in terms of service delivery besides beating off any prospective competition from its competitors. Due to the increasing costs of operation, Royce has taken a proactive nature in its planning. It has come up with a way of cutting internal costs to cover up the escalating external costs. It has also embraced technology by â€Å"employing the use of the compact portable computers and the use of proprietary software, as well as the use of elec tronic filing system† (Rene Agnes, 2012, p. 450). This has allowed workers to operate from virtual offices. The organization has acted as a leader in confronting external challenges by being on the forefront to introduce changes for sell to staff for the betterment of the organization, as well as simplification of operations by staff. Borrowing from the matrix organizational model, the structural flow at Royce can be described as a hybrid system because it borrows from other defined structures to suit its way of functioning. The firm has partners at the top, site managers, administrative staff, and then other lower-ranked staff.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on It Isnt So Simple: Infrastructure Change at Royce Consulting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Daft (2009, p.539) points out, this structure, as adopted by Royce, is not consistent: it varies from site to site depending on the requirements of the given site or client. Therefore, in a way, it may distort the communication channel from the top going down ( Andy, Xiaolan Allan, 2012, p. 312). The structure seems to be working well since the highest level has associate partners who work in tandem with the top management. They also work with managers to staff different sites and projects. Therefore, there is a form of direct communication. The only problem with this structure is that it may take some time to collect an opinion from the different managers before a decision is made. This acts as an impediment to decision-making, which will later affect deadlines. Besides, the introduction of the hoteling system with new technology should take care of this problem. Action Plan/Recommendation My recommendations on the organizational goals and strategies are that the goals and strategies adopted by Royce so far are feasible in its pursuit of success and profitability. As an action plan, the goal to cut costs should be pursued as lon g as it is good for the firm. My recommendation to the effects of external pressure is that Royce should invest in research and development for it to be abreast with emerging trends. This holds because the external environment is fluidly dynamic. Only a robust research and development team will keep Royce in touch with the latest world. The structural organization adopted by Royce should be maintained because, so far, it has worked for the firm. However, there is the need to polish over time to fit with the emerging needs of the firm. Reference List Andy, C., Xiaolan, F., Allan, H. (2012). Organisation Structure and Innovation Performance in Different Environments. Small Business Economies, 39(2), 301- 317. Daft, R. (2009). Organizational Theory and Design. London: Cengage Publishing.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mantere, S., Henri, S. (2012). Reversal of Strategic Change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 173-196. Rene, T., Agnes, A. (2012). Effects of Managers Work Motivation and Networking Activity on their Reported Levels of External Red Tape. Journal of Public Administration and Research Theory, 22(3), 445-471. Sofia, A. (2011). The Effect of Business Strategy and External Environment on Management Control Systema. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(13), 236-244. Venhor, B. (2007). Business Strategy: External environment. Journal of Business Management, 3(1), 39-42.

Biology Osmosis Observation

Independent: sugar concentration in potatoes. Controlled: time, potato form. Apparatus: 1. 5 plastic cups 2. Distilated water 3. Potato 4. Knife 5. Clock 6. Electronical scales (Â ±0,05) 7. Bag of sugar 8. Measuring cylinder 9. Tap water Method: Peeling down the potato and cutting it into 1cm3 cubes (25 cubes) Weighing potatoes on the scales Putting different amount of sugar into five plastic cups (1st no sugar 2nd 6,8g 3rd 13,7g 4th 20,5 5th 27,4g) Adding 100ml of water to each of the cups Mixing the sugar with water Putting in 5 potatoes into each cup Waiting 20 minutes Pulling out the potatoes, drying them up and putting on the scales Writing down new mass. Amount of sugar in solutionSolution concentration %Cup numberMass of five cubes before(Â ±0,05g)Mass of five cubes after (Â ±0,05g) 0g0%15,8g6g 6,8g6,37%25,1g5,2g 13,7g12,05%35,5g5,3g 20,5g17. 01%45,6g5,4g 27,4g21,51%55,5g5,3g Graph: While the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass gets bigger, later on from 12,05% to 21,51% the net mass gets smaller. When the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass change is positive, when from 17. 01% to 21,51% – negative. Conclusion: The potato lost more mass as it was submerged in bigger concentration solutions because the bigger concentration difference is, the osmosis will occurs more intensively. Evaluation: I think that laboratory work went pretty well, I managed to see the differences in potato mass change and make a conclusion of it. Next time I should write down original numbers and not rounded ones to give more accurate results. Biology Osmosis Observation Independent: sugar concentration in potatoes. Controlled: time, potato form. Apparatus: 1. 5 plastic cups 2. Distilated water 3. Potato 4. Knife 5. Clock 6. Electronical scales (Â ±0,05) 7. Bag of sugar 8. Measuring cylinder 9. Tap water Method: Peeling down the potato and cutting it into 1cm3 cubes (25 cubes) Weighing potatoes on the scales Putting different amount of sugar into five plastic cups (1st no sugar 2nd 6,8g 3rd 13,7g 4th 20,5 5th 27,4g) Adding 100ml of water to each of the cups Mixing the sugar with water Putting in 5 potatoes into each cup Waiting 20 minutes Pulling out the potatoes, drying them up and putting on the scales Writing down new mass. Amount of sugar in solutionSolution concentration %Cup numberMass of five cubes before(Â ±0,05g)Mass of five cubes after (Â ±0,05g) 0g0%15,8g6g 6,8g6,37%25,1g5,2g 13,7g12,05%35,5g5,3g 20,5g17. 01%45,6g5,4g 27,4g21,51%55,5g5,3g Graph: While the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass gets bigger, later on from 12,05% to 21,51% the net mass gets smaller. When the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass change is positive, when from 17. 01% to 21,51% – negative. Conclusion: The potato lost more mass as it was submerged in bigger concentration solutions because the bigger concentration difference is, the osmosis will occurs more intensively. Evaluation: I think that laboratory work went pretty well, I managed to see the differences in potato mass change and make a conclusion of it. Next time I should write down original numbers and not rounded ones to give more accurate results.

MANAGEMENT INNOVATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

MANAGEMENT INNOVATION - Essay Example Market opportunities need to be seized with alacrity and new territories explored with professional ease and objectivity. Time should not denounce Nokia later that, like other large companies, it could not stay ahead of its time nor engage its rivals and competitiors in eventful combat in the market place. For this it is necessary that Nokia should be ahead of its times and grab every innovative opportunity that comes its way. During the course of this research, recourse has been sought to empower resources at their command through cases. Research design is mainly framed to identify and analyze different ways for conducting the research and it also involves taking decision related to the sources from which the information has to be collected. Research design is an arrangement of situation and examination of all the information in a way that it aims to connect the significance of the research. Finally it is seen whether the objectives of research has been met in terms of the research questions. It is seen that to a very large extent, the secondary research has been able to meet the goals and objectives of research. The history of Nokia could be traced back to 19th century, 1865 to be precise, when an enterprising engineer called Frederik Idestam constructed a wood-pulp mill factory in South Finland. The town in which this factory was built was called Nokia, which has also rendered the brand its name. During the early years, Nokia’s main business was paper and pulp, which gained a reasonable degree of success because of the demand for this kind of paper in Europe, post the industrial revolution. Russia was one of their main buyers. However, the disintegration of Russia during the early 1990s also adversely swung the future of Nokia and for a brief period, this company went into bankruptcy. Upon recovery, it began to focus on telecommunications,

Now is the time to make real the promisses of democracy Essay

Now is the time to make real the promisses of democracy - Essay Example Martin Luther King, who initiated the civil rights movement to gain the equality promised under the Constitution for black Americans. This essay will examine the need to make these promises of democracy real and tangible for American citizens. From the perspective of the founding fathers of the Constitution of the United States, pure democracy was the objective to be attained, through equality and freedom for all its citizens. During the early stages of the Civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King clearly stated: â€Å"We are here because of our love for democracy, because of our deep-seated belief that democracy transformed from thin paper to thick action is the greatest, form of government on earth† (www.blackvoices.com). In this, Dr. King was clearly articulating the need for the principles and values of democracy to not merely remain inscribed on paper, but to also be actually evidenced in practice. He was articulating the realities of the day, when despite the promsies of equality enshrined in the Constitution, black Americans were not treated equally with the whites and discrimination and repression was exercised against them. In the same speech, Dr. King also went on to say that Ameircan democracy also allows individuals the right to protest in order to secure their rights. In order to make the promises of democracy real, it was necessary to ensure that they were reflected in the lives of the people. The existence of inequality and injustice therefore contradicts the principles of democracy and suggests that its promises are not being adhered to. Thomas Jefferson himself was convinced that blacks could never be integrated into mainstream American society because of â€Å"deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten thousand recollections, by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained; new provocations; the real distinction which nature had made; and many other circumstance, will divide us into parties,

Milk and Rennin :: essays research papers

Research into Enzymes – For Biology Rennin Rennet, substance found in the gastric juices of young milk-drinking mammals. Rennet contains a milk-coagulating enzyme, called rennin or chymosin, the active principle of rennet preparations used in making cheese and junket. Rennet extracts are commercially prepared from the inner lining of the fourth stomach of calves. Enzymes Enzymes are large proteins that speed up chemical reactions. In their globular structure, one or more polypeptide chains twist and fold, bringing together a small number of amino acids to form the active site, or the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. Enzyme and substrate fail to bind if their shapes do not match exactly. This ensures that the enzyme does not participate in the wrong reaction. The enzyme itself is unaffected by the reaction. When the products have been released, the enzyme is ready to bind with a new substrate. Enzyme, any one of many specialized organic substances, composed of polymers of amino acids, that act as catalysts to regulate the speed of the many chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of living organisms. The name enzyme was suggested in 1867 by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kà ¼hne (1837-1900); it is derived from the Greek phrase en zymà §, meaning “in leaven.'; Those enzymes identified now number more than 700. Enzymes are classified into several broad categories, such as hydrolytic, oxidizing, and reducing, depending on the type of reaction they control. Hydrolytic enzymes accelerate reactions in which a substance is broken down into simpler compounds through reaction with water molecules. Oxidizing enzymes, known as oxidases, accelerate oxidation reactions; reducing enzymes speed up reduction reactions, in which oxygen is removed. Many other enzymes catalyze other types of reactions. Individual enzymes are named by adding ase to the name of the substrate with which they react. The enzyme that controls urea decomposition is called urease; those that control protein hydrolyses are known as proteinases. Some enzymes, such as the proteinases trypsin and pepsin, retain the names used before this nomenclature was adopted. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES As the Swedish chemist Jà ¶ns Jakob Berzelius suggested in 1823, enzymes are typical catalysts: they are capable of increasing the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process. Some enzymes, such as pepsin and trypsin, which bring about the digestion of meat, control many different reactions, whereas others, such as urease, are extremely specific and may accelerate only one reaction.

Professional Values and Awareness Essay

In this assignment I will identify issues that affect the care provided in a home for adults with learning disabilities. Using the â€Å"case study† format I will focus on the interpersonal relationships and identify the underlying factors that influence them, then provide explanations for these by applying established theories. Churton (2000:214) describes a case study as â€Å"a detailed investigation of a single research area†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The case study will form a unique representation of the individuals involved at the time they were observed. As a single study the outcomes may not be representative of all care homes, but it is reasonable to assume many issues may be similar. As a student I was able to observe both staff and clients in their normal routines. I was accepted as a member of the care team and took part in daily activities. This form of research is described in Giddens (1997:542) as â€Å"Participant observation†. Becker describe the role of the researcher as â€Å"someone who watches the people he is studying to see what situations they ordinarily meet and how they behave in them† (cited in Marsh I. 1996:124), however the by taking on a role within the group that justifies their presence the researcher acts as more than a passive observer and becomes a participant. As a stranger to the group my presence will have affected the behaviour of the clients and studies have shown that the presence of students affects the way that qualified staff work (Reed J & Procter S. 1993:31). My own preconceived ideas of Learning disabilities and the staff and clients previous experience of students will all have contributed to the behaviour I witnessed. On my first day at the placement I was introduced to my mentor (the deputy manager). We discussed the homes basic philosophy and the clients’ disabilities. I was introduced to the nine clients, and the staff approximately 15. During this first meeting my mentor made me feel welcome and allayed some of my fears about the placement. Unfortunately other than two brief conversations this was the only time I worked with her over the six-week placement. The staff are mostly female with only four male staff. They were of all ages and came from a mix of races and religions, some single and others married with children. All of the staff are support workers and most have NVQ level 3 or are currently studying towards it. I found all the staff very friendly and felt welcome, but I also felt a like a ‘spare part’, as the clients were encouraged to do things for themselves, very little intervention was necessary. Record keeping, giving medication and supervising the clients at the many activities they attended were the main tasks. The days soon became very predictable with set activities and â€Å"opportunities† to be achieved. The slowness of the day meant that staff talked a lot, discussing personal matters as well as how they felt about the clients and their jobs. Conversation included issues around the low regard support workers had from the general public and other health care professionals, the quantity of paper work to be completed daily and the emphasis placed on it, little support and understanding from the management, and having to attend college in there own time. My personal performance was influenced most by the lack of a mentor. Without a mentor to shadow I would try to â€Å"latch onto† a member of staff only to find that we were on different activities or were at the end of their shift. My shifts and my mentors were not together, when I asked the manager if I could swap my weekend to the same as my mentors, she told me that there was no need for me to work with my mentor at all. I was left feeling very isolated. The need for student and mentor to work together â€Å"as much as possible† to build successful relationship is highlighted in Baillià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½re’s Study Skills for Nurses (Maslin-Prothero1997:32). Good mentoring is a two-way process requiring willingness from both mentor and mentee to build a collaborative relationship (Ellis et al 1995:121, Ajiboye P. 2000:11). Formal mentoring is relatively new to nursing (Maslin-Prothero 1997:51), and is closely related to Project 2000 (Salvage J.1999:14). The ENB define mentors as â€Å"an appropriately qualified and experienced first-level nurse/midwife/health visitor who by example guides assists and supports the student in learning new skills, adopting new behaviour and acquiring new attitudes† (as cited in Quinn F. 1995:188). Mentorship has existed for centuries with references dating back to Greek mythology (Ellis R. et al 1995:109), and it is widely used for career development in business, where mentors are â€Å"role models, talent developers and door openers†(Tyson S. & Jackson T. 1992:121). There are several theories on how mentoring works, most emphasise the mentor as a facilitator allowing the student to experiment while ensuring the safety of the patient/clients, and providing a â€Å"developmental bridge between theory and practice† (Ellis R. et al 1995:109). Communication and interpersonal skills are the foundations on which a successful relationship is built and are therefore essential skills in a mentor (Ellis R. et al 1995:121). However the mentor themselves may be the most important factor. A mentor is a role model good or bad. Hopefully the student will witness a high standard of practice and set their own standards similarly. But when the standard is low it depends on the students’ knowledge of the theory as to whether they choose to imitate the mentor or apply their own higher standard. Bandura (cited in Ellis R. et al 1995:116) describes this process as Social Learning Theory, a three-stage process. Stage 1 Observational Learning: Imitating a good role model Stage 2 Inhibitory/Disinhibitory Effects: bad practice rejected or imitated Stage 3 Eliciting Effect: good practices learned and core knowledge improved. The break down of the mentor mentee relationship on my placement may have been for variety of reasons, poor communication, unrealistic expectations or time constraints. Supernumerary students have time to observe and reflect, but mentors may have an already busy schedule and supervising students can become just another pressure (Reed J. & Procter S. 1993:36). Students in this environment may find themselves being used as â€Å"another pair of hands† (Ajiboye P. 2000:11). Many texts cite good leadership of the manager as vital to forming an atmosphere conducive to learning (Quinn F. 1995:182). A good manager will find time to inspire staff to enthusiastically provide high quality care (Grohar-Murray 1997:125). In the philosophy of care/service values of the placement it states that â€Å"we have a well trained staff who have achieved a NVQ in care or are working towards it† (not referenced to protect confidentiality). However the staff studying the NVQ had to attend college in there own time. This caused resentment towards the management as the staff felt that the qualification was for the company’s benefit, but at their expense. Tappen (1995:69) recognises that by allocating staff time to attend lectures or college days without them incurring financial penalties the outlook is changed from just gaining a ‘paper qualification’ to ‘an opportunity’ to develop skills and increase personal knowledge. Encouraging staff to develop new skills is a great motivator. Motivation has been described as â€Å"the oil that keeps the machinery turning† (Dell T. 1988:59) and is a key element in many leader/management theories. Many motivation theories are based around the concept of fulfilling needs. Maslow (1968 cited in Hogston R. & Simpson P. 1999:295/303) devised a hierarchy with seven levels, the first level are basic physical needs such as food and water progressing up to more psychological needs of self fulfilment. Individuals climb the pyramid a step at a time motivated by fulfilment at the previous level (see appendix 1). Kafka (1986 cited in Tappen 1995:304) offers five basic factors for motivation, Economic security, Control, Recognition, Personal self-worth and Belonging. But unlike Maslow the five may be placed in any order, as one person may be motivated more by the need to belong than the need for money (see appendix 2). Self-esteem/worth and belonging are needs common to both Maslow and Kafka. If managers boost self-esteem by acknowledging good practice and recognising achievements they enhance the feeling of belonging. Without feedback staff often feel overlooked and isolated. To be constructive feedback should contain both positive and negative elements and be based on observed behaviour, given objectively it can highlight areas that need strengthening and increase motivation. Kron (1981 cited in Tappen R. 1995:420) described this â€Å"positive feed back† as a â€Å"psychological paycheque†. The need to belong affects students, when they are included in procedures, and given opportunities to express opinions and don’t feel â€Å"in the way† they become part of the team. Being accepted boosts self-esteem and motivates learning (Oliver R & Endersby C. 1994:94) Dell statement that â€Å"people work harder for recognition than for money†(Dell T. 1988:59) is supported by a study of the affect of incentives such as pay increases and shorter hours. When each incentive was implemented productivity was found to increase. When the incentives were removed and working conditions returned to normal it was expected that the productivity would fall. In fact productivity rose â€Å"to the highest levels ever†. Mayo’s conclusion was that being in the study had caused the group to bond (belong) and that the interest (recognition) showed by researchers had encouraged the workers to achieve the level they believed the researchers expected of them (Mayo E. 1933 cited in Barratt M. & Mottershead A. 1999:74). If the security of â€Å"belonging† is absent self-esteem deteriorates which can lead to an â€Å"increase in complaints and fatigue†¦and absenteeism is likely to rise†(Barratt M.& Mottershead A. 1999:73). Lack of appreciation and support are two of the ten factors cited by Tappen (1995:455) that contribute to ‘burnout’. As the â€Å"most caring and most highly committed are often the ones most prone to burnout† (Eisenstat & Felner cited in Crawford J. 1990:48) it’s frequently linked to health care. Burnout is defined as, (Kozier B et al 2000:1387). † an overwhelming feeling that can lead to physical and emotional depletion, a negative attitude and self concept, and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness† There are many methods to prevent burnout. One of these I observed, and have been guilty of my self, is the ability to suddenly become deaf. For example one client would continually ask for a ‘cup of tea’, to which staff would respond ‘you’ve just had one’ and the client would reply ‘I’ve just had one’ and walk away. But if the frequency of requests increased or they interrupted another activity staff would often pretend not to hear, they would ovoid eye contact and turn away. By ignoring the client it extended the periods between acknowledged requests. For the same reason this client was always last to receive his cup of tea when it was being made for the group. This coping mechanism ‘denial’ is one of many established ways to deal with stress (Kenworthy N. 1996:91). In denial you reject the thing that is unacceptable choosing to believe it isn’t there. Denial is very similar to ‘repression’ where although aware of the feelings you block them out, Tappen suggest that this can leave the caregiver with a â€Å"vague sense of unease† towards the client. Having denied hearing the request staff would then repress their guilt, leaving them with an uneasy feeling towards the client. This practice while not acceptable, had no long-term affects on the client as he would simply ask again a few minutes later, however if all requests where dealt with in the same way it could become harmful to the client (Tappen R. 1995:11). Another behaviour I witnessed was the reliance on PRN medication; a different client was very vocal following staff around the home asking questions about her forthcoming blood test. After a couple of failed attempts to reassure her it was decided she needed PRN to clam her down. The staff had coped by rationalising the situation. Rationalisation uses one explanation to cover up a less acceptable one i.e. their reason for giving the medication was to calm the client down. But the real reason was it would stop her bothering them with questions. (Tappen R.1995:11). Often in learning disabilities carers see a client’s failure to behave in an acceptable way or achieve targets as a personal failure (Brown H. Smith H. 1992:95). These failures or ‘client losses’ are another factor that contributes to burnout (Tappen R.1995:455). Other factors often experience by learning disabilities cares also contribute to burnout such as ‘low pay’, ‘discrimination’ and ‘inadequate advancement opportunities’. Learning disabilities are often referred to as â€Å"the Cinderella of the Cinderella services†(Parish C. 2001:13), and as such tend to attract the least skilled workers, who are given a low status even in relationship to carers in other fields (Brown H. & Smith H. 1992:93). Care is traditionally seen as â€Å"women’s work† and therefore â€Å"unskilled and unworthy† (Brown H. & Smith H. 1992:162/166). This is reflected in the fact that care staff are predominately women working part time, earning low levels of pay and having few opportunities to advance their careers (Hudson B. 2000: 88). Care work is rarely undertaken solely for financial gain; often the motives are more altruistic (Dagnan D. 1994:127). A study into staff satisfaction found that â₠¬Å"in spite of low pay† care staff â€Å"found rewards in the close nature of the caring relationship† (Hudson B. 2000:89). Recent government white papers ‘NHS and Community Care Act’ and ‘Valuing People’ aim to enhance the status of learning disabilities by reorganising the way that the service is provided (Beacock C. 2001:23), and â€Å"give those working in social care a new status which fits the work they do† (Hudson B. 2000:99). These proposals may ultimately improve the status of the service, but in the short term the changes are creating more paperwork, require new skills, and are leading to greater job insecurity. These factors are adding to an already stressful job (Hudson B. 2000:96). Studies found that the main causes of stress for care workers were â€Å"the inability to provide service users with what they needed, accountability or responsibility without power, frustration at office politics and uncertainty about the future† (Hudson B. 2000:90). ‘Powerlessness’ and ‘unresponsiveness to client needs’ added to ‘too much paper work’ are more factors that can contribute to burnout (Tappen R. 1995:456). Care staff are under a great deal of pressure, in their daily work they face all of the ten factors that contribute to burnout. This must ultimately have an affect on the way care is provided. I have no doubt that the staff at my placement are genuinely caring people who do their best to provide a high standard of care for their clients. However sometimes the quality of care I witnessed reflected the pressures they were facing. Only when the attitudes towards care work improve will its status be increased. This would in turn see a rise in pay and a decrease in the stress felt by carers, which would have the end result of improving the care received by clients. References Ajiboye P. (2000) Learning partners. No Limits. Autumn 2000 pp.11 Barratt M. Mottershead A. (1999) Understanding Industry. 5th Edition. London, Hodder & Stoughton. Beacock C. (2001) Come in from the cold. Nursing Standard. Vol.15 no.28 pp.23 Brown H. Smith H. {Editors} (1992) Normalisation: a reader for the nineties. London, Routledge. Churton M. (2000) Theory and Method. London, Macmillan Press Ltd Crawford J. (1990) Maintaining Staff Morale: the value of a staff training and support network. Mental Handicap. Vol. 18 June pp.48-52 Dagnan D. (1994) The Stresses and Rewards of Being a Carer in a Family Placement Scheme for People with Learning Disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities. Vol.22 1994 pp.127-129 Dell T. (1998) How to Motivate People: a guide for managers. California, Crisp Publications Inc. Ellis R. Gates R. {Editors} (1995) Interpersonal Communication in Nursing: Theory and Practice. Kenworthy N. London, Churchill Livingstone. Grohar-Murray M, DiCroce H. (1997) Leadership and Management in Nursing. 2nd Edition. Connecticut, Appelton and Lange. Giddens A. (1997) Sociology. 3rd edition. Cambridge, Polity Press. Hudson B. Editor (2000) The Changing Role of Social Care. London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd. Hogston R, Simpson P. {Editors} (1999) Foundations of Nursing Practice. London, Macmillan Press Ltd. Kenworthy N, Snowley G. (1996) Common Foundation Studies in Nursing. 2nd Edition. Gilling C. Singapore, Churchill Livingstone. Kozier B. Erb G. Berman A. (2000) Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process, and practice. Burke K. 6th Edition. New Jersey. Prentice-Hall Inc. Marsh I. (1996) Making sense of society: an introduction to sociology. London, Longman. Masllin-Prothero S. (1997) Baillià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½re’s Study Skills for Nurses. London, Hardcourt Brace and Company Ltd. Oliver R. Endersby C. (1994) Teaching and Assessing Nurses: a handbook for preceptors. London, Baillià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½re and Tindall. Parish C. (2001) Take the reins. Nursing Standard.Vol.15 no.29 pp.12-13 Quinn F. (1995) The Principles and Practice of Nurse Education.3rd Edition. Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes (Pulishers) Ltd. Reed J. Procter S. (1993) Nurse Education – A reflective approach. London, Edward Arnold. Salvage J. {Editor} (1999) Nursing Times Student Pack. London, Nursing Times. Tappen R. (1995) Nursing Leadership and Management: concepts and practice. 3rd Edition. Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Company. Tyson S. Jackson T. (1992) The Essence of Organizational Behaviour. Hemel Hempstead, Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd. Bibliography Bartlett C. Bunning K. (1997) The Importance of Communication Partnerships: A study to investigate the communicative exchanges between staff and adults with learning disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities. Vol.25 (1997) pp.148-154 Brigham L. Atkinson D, (2000) Crossing Boundaries, Change and Continuity in the History of Jackson M, Rolph S, Walmsley J. Learning Disability. Plymouth, BILD Publications. Booth T. Simons K. (1990) Outward bound: Relocation and community care for people with Booth W. learning difficulties. Buckingham, Open University Press. Clegg A. (2000) Leadership: improving the quality of patient care. Nursing Standard.Vol.14 no.30 pp.43-45 Clissett P. (2001) The Effectiveness of NVQ Training. Nursing Management. Vol. 8 no. 1 pp.11-13. Clutterbuck D. (1991) Everyone needs a Mentor: fostering talent at work. 2nd Edition. London, Institute of Personnel Management. Dinsdale P. (2001) Community spirit. Nursing Standard. Vol.15 no.39 pp.14 Gray J. (2001) Inside out: Analysis of the difficulties surrounding participant observation. Nursing Standard.Vol.15 no.31 pp.51 Hattersley J, Hosking G, (1987) People with Mental Handicap: Perspectives on intellectual Morrow D, Myers M. disability. London, Faber and Faber Ltd. Hill M. {Editor} (2000) Local Authority Social Services: an introduction. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Kroese S. Fleming I. (1992) Staff’s Attitudes and Working Conditions in Community-Based Group Homes of People with Mental Handicaps. Mental Handicap Research. Vol. 5, no.1 pp 82-91. Moore S. (1987) Sociology Alive Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd. Oliver M. Barnes C. (1998) Disabled People and Social Policy: from Exclusion to Inclusion. London, Longman. Quinn E. (2001) Stressed out? RCN Magazine. Spring 2001 pp.14-15 Sarantakos S. (1998) Social Research. 2nd Edition. London, MacMillan. Wilson J. (1994) The Care Trade: a picture of health. Lancaster, Quay Pulishing Ltd.

Competitive Strengths of Audi in Its International Business Strategy Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Audi has considered the economic environment in its international business strategy over the last five years. Audi expanded and developed international markets that are characterized by high economic growth, high levels of disposable consumer incomes, currency stability and low-interest rates (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011, p 376). Markets such as Japan, China, Belgium, and North America are currently experiencing high economic growth thus Audi will increase its revenues and profitability in the international markets. The international business strategy of Audi has catered for the social environment trends over the last five years. The international market has experienced high growth in educated and young professionals who desire luxury cars as a symbol of social status. In addition, the international market is currently experiencing changes in attitudes towards cars since many car buyers currently consider the fuel consumption capacity, luxury, and safety of the vehicle be fore making the purchase decision (Sekhar, 2009, p 381). The international market has experienced rapid advances in vehicle manufacturing technology. Audi has been using quite advanced manufacturing systems in order to maintain the standards of care products and ensure the safety of the cars (Mathur, 2011, p 198). We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Strengths of Audi in Its International Business Strategy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Audi relies on modern power systems and fuel transmission systems in order to maintain a competitive edge in the luxury car market. In addition, Audi committed a lot of funds in research and development activities that have improved the car manufacturing technology in all the markets of its operation. Audi has complied with the legal environment and safety standards regulations concerning vehicle quality in different jurisdictions (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011). Audi has ensured that the quality standards in terms of carbon emissions, braking systems, power systems, and engine transmissions meet the local standards of local countries (Aswathappa, 2006, p 56).